What is a seizure?
A seizure is considered to be a sudden outburst of
uncontrollable electrical
activity from the neurons
in
the brain. Involuntary
contraction of muscles
usually occur and last for a short period.
Seizures
may vary in duration and frequency.
Types of seizures
Generalized ( grand mal ) seizure - can be seen
when
a patient has sudden, jerky movements
throughout the body. A patient may
fall to the
ground and have loss of consciousness. Types
of generalized seizures include: tonic, clonic
and myotonic.
A partial (focal ) seizure, is also
sudden and
confined to one part of
the body.Postictal - following a seizure, a
patient may
stay in a stuporous
state for some minutes.
EEG ( Electroencephalogram) A diagnostic test ,
which is done to monitor seizure activity. This
test is usually ordered by the doctor.
Patient safety during a seizure
When a seizure occurs, patient
safety should
be a major concern. A patient who has a
history of seizures, should already be on
anticonvulsant
medications.
A "seizure precations " sign is usually
posted over the bed.
Here are some helpful hints:
- Follow MD orders
- Maintaining a patent airway; turn head to the side, if necessary,
to prevent
airway obstruction- Keeping bed rails up , to prevent the patient falling out of bed
- Monitoring duration and character of seizure
- After seizure, assessment and documentation of, vital signs, O2 saturation,
It is important to protect the seizure patient from
falling and getting injured.